Kamis, 25 Juli 2013
“Kampus putih” itulah nama lain/julukan dari salah satu perguruan tinggi swasta favorit di kota malang yaitu Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang(UMM) .UMM berdiri sejak tahun 1964. UMM . UMM merupakan salah satu universitas yang tumbuh cepat, sehingga oleh PP Muhammadiyah diberi amanat sebagai perguruan tinggi pembina untuk seluruh PTM Perguruan Tinggi Muhammadiyah wilayah Indonesia Timur. Program-program yang didisain dengan cermat menjadikan UMM sebagai “The Real University”, yaitu universitas yang benar-benar universitas dalam artian sebagai institusi pendidikan tinggi yang selalu berkomitmen dalam mengembangkan Tri Darma Perguruan Tinggi
Sekarang ini Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang memiliki 3 lokasi kampus, yaitu kampus I di Jalan Benduangn Bandung, kampus dua di Sumbersari dan kampus tiga di Tegal Gondo. Kampus I yang merupakan cikal bakal UMM, sekarang ini dikonsentrasikan untuk program pasca sarjana. Sementara itu, kampus II yang dulu dijadikan sebagai pusat kegiatan utama, sekarang sudah dikonsentrasikan sebagai Kampus Fakultas Kedokteran dan Program D3 Akademi Perawat. Sedangkan kampus III sebagai kampus terpadu dijadikan sebagai pusat sari seluruh aktivitas.
Kampus-kampus Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang:
1. Jl. Raya Tlogomas No. 246 Malang, East Java, Indonesia 65144
2. Jl. Bandung No. 1 Malang, East Java, Indonesia 65113
3. Jl. Bendungan Sutami 188A Malang, East Java, Indonesia 65145
sumber :
http://halomalang.com/peta-malang/detail/universitas-muhammadiyah-malang-umm
the development and progress of human civilization can not be separated from the role of science, and even changes in the pattern of human life from time to time actually goes hand in hand with the progress and development of the history of science. Historical development of the science of growing broad temporal and spatio long. history is an overview of all the events that have occurred, which serves as the revealer of all things in accordance with the fact that there is no distortion at all. history referred to in this discussion is the history or the periodization of the development of science is an important factor in human life. For that, there needs to be a genuine effort and moral responsibility in the academic and exposure history.
Development of science as it is today does not take place suddenly, but through a gradual and evolutionary process. Development of science continues to evolve into several periods, ranging from age zunani growing up until the time of post-modern, each of which has a characteristic and different philosophers. Differences in the characteristics of the development of science in each period due to the mindset of a man who experienced a change myths become more rational. Humans become more proactive and creative to make nature as an object of research and assessment. Hence, in this paper, the authors will describe about the development of modern day science.
Historical development of science in the modern era
This era is already terintis ranging from the 14th century AD However, the real indicator is evident in the 17th century and lasted until the 20th century AD It is characterized by the existence of discoveries in the scientific field. (Surajiyo: 2007:87). According to Slamet Iman Sontoso, there are three main sources that lead to the development of science in Europe by leaps and bounds, the relationship between the Islamic empire in Liberia Peninsula by the French state, the Crusades of the years 1100-1300, and fall into the hands of Turkey Istanbul in 1453. (Tim Lecturer Philosophy of Science: 2001:79)
Development of science in the modern era is already initiated since the Renaissance. Renaissance is often interpreted denagn resurrection, transition, or born again (rebirth), which was born again as a free man to think, and far from the teachings of religion.
So, Modern era was preceded by the Renaissance philosophy. Actually, it's essentially the Renaissance, in philosophy, is no different from modern times. The characteristics of Renaissance philosophy for modern philosophy. Modern philosophy reveals its characteristics with the birth of various schools of philosophy, which is preceded by Rationalism and Empiricism and Kriticisme. In addition to the three schools, will also be presented other major streams that contributed to fill out the modern philosophy, idealism, materialism, positivism, phenomenology, existentialism and pragmatism.
The modern philosophers assert that knowledge does not come from scripture or dogma, nor of the rulers, but of the man himself. But about which aspects of the play there is difference of opinion. Rationalism flow assumes that the source of knowledge is a ratio: the truth must have come from the ratio (reason). Flow empiricism, on the contrary, believes that experience that the source of knowledge, both inner as well as the senses. Then came the stream of criticism, which try to combine the two different opinions.
Stream-flow Appears In The Modern Age Characters and Their Characters And Thought philosophy:
1) The flow of his characters and their Rationalism
Rationalism word consists of two syllables, the "ratio" which means mind or thought, and "isms" which means understanding or opinions. Rationalism is a notion which argues that "the ultimate truth lies and sourced from human reason." Rationalism is a philosophy understood as saying that the reason (reason) is the most important tool to acquire knowledge. According to this flow, a knowledge gained by way of thinking.
Flow there are two kinds of rationalism in religion and in philosophy. In the field of religion is opposed to rationalism flow of authority and is usually used to criticize religion. While in the field of philosophy, rationalism is opposed to empiricism and often useful in formulating the theory of knowledge. If empiricism says that the knowledge gained by knowing the object of empiricism, rationalism teaches that the knowledge gained by thinking, knowledge of empiricism is considered often misleading. The tool of thought is logical rules.
Rene Descartes (1596-1650)
This flow is the foundation stone of Rene Descastes (Certasius/1596-1650) that was held as the "Father of modern philosophy". Descartes came from France, was born in 1596 in a town called La Haye, and died in 1650 in Stockholm. The importance of the work is Discours de la Methode (The description of the method), published in 1637; Mediationes de Prima Philosophia (Meditations On philosophy), published in 1641, and Principia Philosophic (Principles of Philosophy), published in 1644. Motto of this school is the phrase that reads Descartes: Cogito ergo sum / I think therefore I'm (I think therefore I am).
Spinoza (1632-1677)
His full name is Baruch de Spinoza. Spinoza was born in Amesterdam, Holland in 1632 and died in 1677 in The Hague. According to the rules and laws that are not present in all things other than rules and regulations contained in the idea. As the basis of everything have not received anything terdasarkan to others, so that absolute. Spinoza was a rationalist who mystic, thinks all reality is a unity, and unity as the only substance the same as God or nature. Everything contained in God-nature. God is to rule the cosmos, the Will of God is the same as the will of nature, so that the laws of nature together with the will of God.
Leibniz (1646-1716)
Eilhelm Gottfried von Leibniz was a German philosopher, metaphysics is the central idea of the substance that was developed in the concept of monads. Leibniz's metaphysics together to focus on the substance, ie the principle of sufficient reason, which can be simply defined "something must have a reason". Even God must have a reason for all that He created.
2) The flow of empiricism with his characters
The term is derived from the empiri empiricism meaning senses or the senses, and added the suffix ism, as a stream found knowledge / perfect righteousness is not obtained through reason, but be obtained / sourced from the five human senses, the eyes, tongue, ears, skin and nose. In other words, truth is something that is in accordance with the human experience.
Francis Bacon
By Francis Bacon that true knowledge is the knowledge received through sensory contiguity with the world of facts. Experience is the source of true knowledge. Knowledge must be achieved by induction. So the thought of Francis Bacon is quite contrary to the thinking of the rationalist philosophers flow.
Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679)
Thomas Hobbes argued that sensory experience as the beginning of all recognition. Just something that can be touched with inderalah that is the truth. Intellectual knowledge (ratio) is nothing but an amalgamation of sheer sensory data.
John Locke (1632-1704)
John Locke was a British philosopher. He was born in Wrington, Somersetshire, in 1632. Years 1647-1652 he studied at Westminster. In 1652 he entered the University of Oxford, studying Christianity. While he studied vaknya, he also studied knowledge outside their main duty.
Locke's philosophy can be said antimetafisika. He received a doubt while being taught by Descartes, but he refused intuition used by Descartes. He also rejected Descartes deductive method and replace it with a generalization based on experience; Thus, induction. Even Locke also rejected reason (reason). He just received a definite mathematical thinking and how the withdrawal with induction method.
David Hume (1711-1776)
Another character is David Hume (1711-1776) study progressors Locke. Home was born in Edinburg, Scotland in 1711 and died in 1776 in the same city. Hume is a master of law, humanities and philosophy. His most important works is A Treatise on Human Nature, published in 1738-1740; An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding, published in 1748, and An Enquiry into the Principles of Morals, (published in 1751).
Accumulated empirical thinking in a very short expression, namely: I never catch my self at any time with out a perception (I always have my perception on each experience)
From this expression Hume said that, "all the thoughts and experiences of circuits composed impression (impression) and this impression as the material of science.
3) Flow Kriticisme characters with character
Rationalism and Empiricism flow establishment is very contradictory. Rationalism holds that rasiolah source of introduction or knowledge, are contrary Empiricism holds that the experience that is the source.
This stream is trying to combine the two schools disagreement with the characters is Immanuel Kant (1724-1804). He tried to develop a synthesis of these two approaches are contradictory. Kant argues that each approach right half, and one half. It is true that our knowledge of the world comes from our senses, but in our minds there are factors that determine how we perceive the world around us. There are certain conditions in humans that determine human conception of the world.
To eliminate the conflict between rationalism and empiricism, Kant held the integration between these two streams in terms of the formulation of the truth. In this regard, Kant said:
Knowledge is the result of cooperation of two elements; experience and wisdom mind. Sensory experience is an element a posteriori (that came later), while the mind is an element of a priori (which comes first).
Kant criticized Empiricism and Rationalism, because they are only concerned with one of these two elements, so the results are skewed every time. In fact, he said, knowledge is always a synthesis. To suppress three contention that Kant's distinction megadakan formulation of truth, the reason (verstand), ratio (Vernunft) and sensory experience.
4) Flow Idealism characters with character
Terma idealism comes from the word that means the picture idea or thought, and that means understanding ism or opinions. Idealism is a metaphysical view of the world or the state that the fundamental reality consists of, or is closely related to the idea, mind or soul. Or it could be called the school of philosophy which explains that the truth / the real knowledge comes not from or empiri ratio, but from the description of a man of observation.
Idealism figures and Thinking
J. G. Fichte (1762-1914)
Fichte's subjective idealism is a character, ie the view that the introduction of resource / knowledge is not theoretical or practical ratio as Immanuel Kant said, but the activity of the Ego. Their thinking is based on the concept of the Absolute Ego; were found and pass on the concepts of object; ego not only as the "inventor", but at the same time as Fichte said that "creating objects" (object). Thus, the role of humans as subjects put forward the very dominant in something.
F. W. J. Schelling (1775-1854)
Schelling is a character as opposed to objective idealism subjective idealism. According to Schelling, the truth picture of the world is not determined by the subject (ego), but rather by the object of observation, that is how the object presents itself, or how the object sensitize subjects. If I (ego) to determine the will, it is required by the necessity which precedes the will, that is the whole object of observation except the will of the giver, as well as giving directions even able to change the will.
Hegel (1770-1831)
Hegel's absolute idealism is the figure, which was instrumental for penyemburnaan idealism. Hegel's idealism successfully integrated display after torn by Fichte and Schelling. When Fichte was subjective and objective Schelling, Hegel saw it as a whole (totality).
Proving that truth is absolute, Hegel construct called the logic of dialectics, namely the thesis, antithesis and synthesis.
5) The flow of Materialism characters with character
Derived from the "matter" which means objects. Materialism is the philosophical school that believes that truth is not determined by the picture, but by the whole thing and the fact that there are defined and determined by the object. The flow of the view that all of reality is a mere matter.
Materialism figures and Thinking
Ludwig Feuerbach (1804-1872)
He said that there are only alamlah. Humans are natural as well as objects such as wood and stone. Indeed, the materialist is not to say that humans are similar to objects such as wood and stone, but materialism says that in the end / in principle / man basically just something material, in other words matter, really matter. According to the human form was superior to cows, rocks, or trees, but on the human existence is tantamount to a cow.
Karl Marx (1818-1883)
Basic ideas taken from the teachings of Marx and Hegel's Philosophy of Philosophy Feuerbach. Of Hegel's dialectical method and taken on the history, theory is being taken materialism of Feuerbach. The teachings of Karl Marx's philosophy is called dialectical materialism and historical materialism also called. Referred to as dialectical materialism because of the events of life that is dominated by economic circumstances that the material goes through a dialectical process: tese, antithesis, and synthesis. Called historical materialism, because according to his theory, that the direction taken completely determined by the history of the development of the means of material production.
6) Flow Positivism characters with character
The term positivism derived from the word "positive" meaning "can be described as well as clear and useful". Positivism is a school of philosophy which stems from the fact that positive. Something beyond the facts or reality sidelined in talks philosophy and science.
According to this flow, human thought have evolved, starting from a very simple, as well as modern, which is positive. At this stage people just believe that it is based on the science of positive real (positive science) which is based on the observation (observation) and direct experimentation (experimentation). Through these two proof, all the smells of metaphysical discarded, because it could not be proved with the two approaches.
The flow figures are Auguste Comte (1798-1857), he argues that it is important in the sense of acquiring knowledge, but must be sharpened with tools and reinforced with experiments. Senses mistake will be corrected by experiment.
So basically positivism is not a typical stand-alone stream. He was just perfect Empiricism and Rationalism are working together. In other words, he perfected the scientific method by incorporating the need for experiments and measurements. So, it's basically the same positivism with empiricism plus Rationalism.
7) Flow Fenomenologisme characters with character
The term comes from the Greek phenomenology phainomenon containing three interrelated terms, namely "that directly visible, something that immediately appeared but still veiled and the appearance". Building on the three terms above, then phenomenology is developed according to the term "philosophy which states that truth is the result of human intuitive description of an object in accordance with the appearances (phenomena) the object".
So the flow is different from the rationalism (subjectively), empiricism (objective) and idealism (idealistic). Then combine phenomenology among subjects (human), object (observed) intuitively by observation.
Thinking Phenomenology and figures
Edmund Husserl (1859-1938)
He was a German philosopher and founder of phenomenology. Thought most important are: (1) The theory of truth, according to Husserl truth must be incorporated in the subject with the object. Objects are given the opportunity to introduce himself to the subject who observed, in accordance with the motto zurukh zu den schen selbs (back to the objects themselves). (2) Three types of reduction; intuition in order to catch the symptoms above are true, then the man must escape from the experiences gained and the previous picture in everyday life. The trick is that with the reduction of three types, namely: the phenomenological reduction, eiditis reduction, reduction of transcendental phenomenology.
Max Scheler (1874-1928)
Max Scheler is progressors phenomenological tradition. Scheler exclusive than Thought phenomenologist (philosopher of phenomenology) is about other religions. According to him, religion and philosophy are two autonomous entities in accordance with the position. Despite having exclusive autonomy, but in between have an attachment. For example, by understanding the metaphysical philosophy are not necessarily able to understand the concept of religious metaphysics, because both have different natural aktus. Because the truth of religion can only be accepted on the basis of religious belief, not a metaphysical-philosophical truth.
In the effort to find religious beliefs, Scheler phenomenological approach. Through this phenomenological approach, according to Scheler, can display religious aktus basic characteristics, namely that it has the intention aktus the transcendental world (the divine), and the divine is the basis of religious aktus. In other words, it requires religious aktus intentional fulfillment of the transcendental. Religious Aktus requires an infinite object, ie the divine. Therefore, the need to unwind can be met only by a religious thing as a subject believed to come from God.
8) Flow Existentialism with characters characters
The term comes from the word existentialism existence of basic words exist. The word itself exist adalaha Latin meaning: ex; exit and Sistare; stand. So existence is standing out from yourself. In general, existentialism is intended as a school of philosophy that addresses the existence of all things, including humans. The problem is, who is actually being (existence), what is man, or God or both.
Existentialism figures and Thinking
Martin Heidegger (1889-1976)
Heidegger's thought is about no / reality and time (sein und zeit), ie if there is concrete or not. The main issue in the spotlight is the meaning of "I am". According to him, man is a being thrown in this world without his consent. He seemed on the brink of nothingness (Nothingness) caused a very deep agitated. This according to him, is a human weakness and as encouragement for him to comprehend its existence. As the peak of existence, unlike humans surrounding objects. However, humans have a tendency to be an object.
Soren Kierkegard (1813-1855)
Kierkegard seen as figures theist existentialism, which is trying to elevate human existence without having to throw away God from human life. Expression is: "I am become as I am". Through this expression Kierkegard place as the only man who berkeistensi are dealing with the existence of God. Only man to exist does not mean that others do not exist. It's just that the level of existence of the world, animals and other lower creatures, because they are just there, not making it.
9) Flow Pragmatism characters with character
Pragmatism is derived from the pragma (Greek) which means action, deed, and also benefits. Pragmatism is a school of philosophy that holds that the criterion of truth is something, if anything it has usefulness for real life. Therefore, its truth to be relative not absolute.
Pragmatism and Thinking figures
William James (1842-1910)
As the founder of pragmatism, is the most important ideas about the meaning of pragmatism. Pragmatism is an American philosophy, characterized by pragmatic. Americans are dissatisfied with the theoretical philosophy that asks "what is", but entered the practical philosophy that asks "what's the point". Systematization of the second type is what gave birth to the philosophy of pragmatism. Therefore, the flow associated with rationalism and empiricism, pragmatism is between the two streams.
View of philosophy, such as stating that there is no absolute truth, generally applicable, which are fixed, are independent and separated from the familiar sense. Because our experience goes on and everything that we hold to be true in the development of the ever-changing experience, because in practice, what we think is right can be corrected by subsequent experience.
Is the measure of all things practical benefits. This view includes all aspects of life, including religion and morals. In terms of religion, James does not ask "religious truth" which he said is "whether the result of religion to guide my life". So, people are free to choose between believing and not believing, according to fragmatisnya consideration. So also in the moral sphere, the size is determined by either bad is there any benefit of an action: if there is considered to be good, and if it is not considered bad.
John Dewey (1859-1952)
As a follower of the philosophy of pragmatism, John Dewey stated that the task of philosophy is to provide guidance for the real action. Philosophy should not dissolve in metaphysical ideas that are less practical, no boondoggle. Therefore, philosophy should be based on practical experience and process.
He said there was nothing remains. Humans constantly moving and changing. If you're having trouble, immediately thinking to overcome the difficulties. Therefore do not think other than a tool for action. Truth of sense in terms of success or failure can affect reality. The only way that can be trusted to manage the experience and to know the real meaning is the inductive method.
Conclusion
This era is already terintis ranging from the 14th century AD However, the real indicator is evident in the 17th century and lasted until the 20th century AD It is characterized by marked by discoveries in the scientific field. (Surajiyo: 2007:87). According to Slamet Iman Sontoso, there are three main sources that lead to the development of science in Europe by leaps and bounds, the relationship between the Islamic empire in Liberia Peninsula by the French state, the Crusades of the years 1100-1300, and fall into the hands of Turkey Istanbul in 1453. (Tim Lecturer Philosophy of Science: 2001:79)
Stream flow contained in modern times is the flow of Rationalism with the character Rene Descartes (1596-1650), Spinoza (1632-1677), Leibniz (1646-1716). Empiricism flow with the character of Francis Bacon, Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679), John Locke (1632-1704), David Hume (1711-1776). And flow with the character Kriticisme Immanuel Kant (1724-1804). In addition to the three schools, will also be presented other major streams that contributed to modern philosophy charge sheet, namely the flow of idealism with the character J. G. Fichte (1762-1914), F. W. J. Schelling (1775-1854), Hegel (1770-1831). Materialism with the character Ludwig Feuerbach (1804-1872) and Karl Marx (1818-1883). Flow with the character positivism of Auguste Comte (1798-1857. Flow with the character Edmund Husserl's phenomenology (1859-1938), Max Scheler (1874-1928). Characters Flow existentialism with Martin Heidegger (1889-1976) and Soren Kierkegard (1813-1855) . flow pragmatism with the character William James (1842-1910) and John Dewey (1859-1952.
refrensi: http://afidburhanuddin.wordpress.com/2013/05/21/sejarah-perkembangan-ilmu-pada-masa-modern-2/
Development of science as it is today does not take place suddenly, but through a gradual and evolutionary process. Development of science continues to evolve into several periods, ranging from age zunani growing up until the time of post-modern, each of which has a characteristic and different philosophers. Differences in the characteristics of the development of science in each period due to the mindset of a man who experienced a change myths become more rational. Humans become more proactive and creative to make nature as an object of research and assessment. Hence, in this paper, the authors will describe about the development of modern day science.
Historical development of science in the modern era
This era is already terintis ranging from the 14th century AD However, the real indicator is evident in the 17th century and lasted until the 20th century AD It is characterized by the existence of discoveries in the scientific field. (Surajiyo: 2007:87). According to Slamet Iman Sontoso, there are three main sources that lead to the development of science in Europe by leaps and bounds, the relationship between the Islamic empire in Liberia Peninsula by the French state, the Crusades of the years 1100-1300, and fall into the hands of Turkey Istanbul in 1453. (Tim Lecturer Philosophy of Science: 2001:79)
Development of science in the modern era is already initiated since the Renaissance. Renaissance is often interpreted denagn resurrection, transition, or born again (rebirth), which was born again as a free man to think, and far from the teachings of religion.
So, Modern era was preceded by the Renaissance philosophy. Actually, it's essentially the Renaissance, in philosophy, is no different from modern times. The characteristics of Renaissance philosophy for modern philosophy. Modern philosophy reveals its characteristics with the birth of various schools of philosophy, which is preceded by Rationalism and Empiricism and Kriticisme. In addition to the three schools, will also be presented other major streams that contributed to fill out the modern philosophy, idealism, materialism, positivism, phenomenology, existentialism and pragmatism.
The modern philosophers assert that knowledge does not come from scripture or dogma, nor of the rulers, but of the man himself. But about which aspects of the play there is difference of opinion. Rationalism flow assumes that the source of knowledge is a ratio: the truth must have come from the ratio (reason). Flow empiricism, on the contrary, believes that experience that the source of knowledge, both inner as well as the senses. Then came the stream of criticism, which try to combine the two different opinions.
Stream-flow Appears In The Modern Age Characters and Their Characters And Thought philosophy:
1) The flow of his characters and their Rationalism
Rationalism word consists of two syllables, the "ratio" which means mind or thought, and "isms" which means understanding or opinions. Rationalism is a notion which argues that "the ultimate truth lies and sourced from human reason." Rationalism is a philosophy understood as saying that the reason (reason) is the most important tool to acquire knowledge. According to this flow, a knowledge gained by way of thinking.
Flow there are two kinds of rationalism in religion and in philosophy. In the field of religion is opposed to rationalism flow of authority and is usually used to criticize religion. While in the field of philosophy, rationalism is opposed to empiricism and often useful in formulating the theory of knowledge. If empiricism says that the knowledge gained by knowing the object of empiricism, rationalism teaches that the knowledge gained by thinking, knowledge of empiricism is considered often misleading. The tool of thought is logical rules.
Rene Descartes (1596-1650)
This flow is the foundation stone of Rene Descastes (Certasius/1596-1650) that was held as the "Father of modern philosophy". Descartes came from France, was born in 1596 in a town called La Haye, and died in 1650 in Stockholm. The importance of the work is Discours de la Methode (The description of the method), published in 1637; Mediationes de Prima Philosophia (Meditations On philosophy), published in 1641, and Principia Philosophic (Principles of Philosophy), published in 1644. Motto of this school is the phrase that reads Descartes: Cogito ergo sum / I think therefore I'm (I think therefore I am).
Spinoza (1632-1677)
His full name is Baruch de Spinoza. Spinoza was born in Amesterdam, Holland in 1632 and died in 1677 in The Hague. According to the rules and laws that are not present in all things other than rules and regulations contained in the idea. As the basis of everything have not received anything terdasarkan to others, so that absolute. Spinoza was a rationalist who mystic, thinks all reality is a unity, and unity as the only substance the same as God or nature. Everything contained in God-nature. God is to rule the cosmos, the Will of God is the same as the will of nature, so that the laws of nature together with the will of God.
Leibniz (1646-1716)
Eilhelm Gottfried von Leibniz was a German philosopher, metaphysics is the central idea of the substance that was developed in the concept of monads. Leibniz's metaphysics together to focus on the substance, ie the principle of sufficient reason, which can be simply defined "something must have a reason". Even God must have a reason for all that He created.
2) The flow of empiricism with his characters
The term is derived from the empiri empiricism meaning senses or the senses, and added the suffix ism, as a stream found knowledge / perfect righteousness is not obtained through reason, but be obtained / sourced from the five human senses, the eyes, tongue, ears, skin and nose. In other words, truth is something that is in accordance with the human experience.
Francis Bacon
By Francis Bacon that true knowledge is the knowledge received through sensory contiguity with the world of facts. Experience is the source of true knowledge. Knowledge must be achieved by induction. So the thought of Francis Bacon is quite contrary to the thinking of the rationalist philosophers flow.
Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679)
Thomas Hobbes argued that sensory experience as the beginning of all recognition. Just something that can be touched with inderalah that is the truth. Intellectual knowledge (ratio) is nothing but an amalgamation of sheer sensory data.
John Locke (1632-1704)
John Locke was a British philosopher. He was born in Wrington, Somersetshire, in 1632. Years 1647-1652 he studied at Westminster. In 1652 he entered the University of Oxford, studying Christianity. While he studied vaknya, he also studied knowledge outside their main duty.
Locke's philosophy can be said antimetafisika. He received a doubt while being taught by Descartes, but he refused intuition used by Descartes. He also rejected Descartes deductive method and replace it with a generalization based on experience; Thus, induction. Even Locke also rejected reason (reason). He just received a definite mathematical thinking and how the withdrawal with induction method.
David Hume (1711-1776)
Another character is David Hume (1711-1776) study progressors Locke. Home was born in Edinburg, Scotland in 1711 and died in 1776 in the same city. Hume is a master of law, humanities and philosophy. His most important works is A Treatise on Human Nature, published in 1738-1740; An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding, published in 1748, and An Enquiry into the Principles of Morals, (published in 1751).
Accumulated empirical thinking in a very short expression, namely: I never catch my self at any time with out a perception (I always have my perception on each experience)
From this expression Hume said that, "all the thoughts and experiences of circuits composed impression (impression) and this impression as the material of science.
3) Flow Kriticisme characters with character
Rationalism and Empiricism flow establishment is very contradictory. Rationalism holds that rasiolah source of introduction or knowledge, are contrary Empiricism holds that the experience that is the source.
This stream is trying to combine the two schools disagreement with the characters is Immanuel Kant (1724-1804). He tried to develop a synthesis of these two approaches are contradictory. Kant argues that each approach right half, and one half. It is true that our knowledge of the world comes from our senses, but in our minds there are factors that determine how we perceive the world around us. There are certain conditions in humans that determine human conception of the world.
To eliminate the conflict between rationalism and empiricism, Kant held the integration between these two streams in terms of the formulation of the truth. In this regard, Kant said:
Knowledge is the result of cooperation of two elements; experience and wisdom mind. Sensory experience is an element a posteriori (that came later), while the mind is an element of a priori (which comes first).
Kant criticized Empiricism and Rationalism, because they are only concerned with one of these two elements, so the results are skewed every time. In fact, he said, knowledge is always a synthesis. To suppress three contention that Kant's distinction megadakan formulation of truth, the reason (verstand), ratio (Vernunft) and sensory experience.
4) Flow Idealism characters with character
Terma idealism comes from the word that means the picture idea or thought, and that means understanding ism or opinions. Idealism is a metaphysical view of the world or the state that the fundamental reality consists of, or is closely related to the idea, mind or soul. Or it could be called the school of philosophy which explains that the truth / the real knowledge comes not from or empiri ratio, but from the description of a man of observation.
Idealism figures and Thinking
J. G. Fichte (1762-1914)
Fichte's subjective idealism is a character, ie the view that the introduction of resource / knowledge is not theoretical or practical ratio as Immanuel Kant said, but the activity of the Ego. Their thinking is based on the concept of the Absolute Ego; were found and pass on the concepts of object; ego not only as the "inventor", but at the same time as Fichte said that "creating objects" (object). Thus, the role of humans as subjects put forward the very dominant in something.
F. W. J. Schelling (1775-1854)
Schelling is a character as opposed to objective idealism subjective idealism. According to Schelling, the truth picture of the world is not determined by the subject (ego), but rather by the object of observation, that is how the object presents itself, or how the object sensitize subjects. If I (ego) to determine the will, it is required by the necessity which precedes the will, that is the whole object of observation except the will of the giver, as well as giving directions even able to change the will.
Hegel (1770-1831)
Hegel's absolute idealism is the figure, which was instrumental for penyemburnaan idealism. Hegel's idealism successfully integrated display after torn by Fichte and Schelling. When Fichte was subjective and objective Schelling, Hegel saw it as a whole (totality).
Proving that truth is absolute, Hegel construct called the logic of dialectics, namely the thesis, antithesis and synthesis.
5) The flow of Materialism characters with character
Derived from the "matter" which means objects. Materialism is the philosophical school that believes that truth is not determined by the picture, but by the whole thing and the fact that there are defined and determined by the object. The flow of the view that all of reality is a mere matter.
Materialism figures and Thinking
Ludwig Feuerbach (1804-1872)
He said that there are only alamlah. Humans are natural as well as objects such as wood and stone. Indeed, the materialist is not to say that humans are similar to objects such as wood and stone, but materialism says that in the end / in principle / man basically just something material, in other words matter, really matter. According to the human form was superior to cows, rocks, or trees, but on the human existence is tantamount to a cow.
Karl Marx (1818-1883)
Basic ideas taken from the teachings of Marx and Hegel's Philosophy of Philosophy Feuerbach. Of Hegel's dialectical method and taken on the history, theory is being taken materialism of Feuerbach. The teachings of Karl Marx's philosophy is called dialectical materialism and historical materialism also called. Referred to as dialectical materialism because of the events of life that is dominated by economic circumstances that the material goes through a dialectical process: tese, antithesis, and synthesis. Called historical materialism, because according to his theory, that the direction taken completely determined by the history of the development of the means of material production.
6) Flow Positivism characters with character
The term positivism derived from the word "positive" meaning "can be described as well as clear and useful". Positivism is a school of philosophy which stems from the fact that positive. Something beyond the facts or reality sidelined in talks philosophy and science.
According to this flow, human thought have evolved, starting from a very simple, as well as modern, which is positive. At this stage people just believe that it is based on the science of positive real (positive science) which is based on the observation (observation) and direct experimentation (experimentation). Through these two proof, all the smells of metaphysical discarded, because it could not be proved with the two approaches.
The flow figures are Auguste Comte (1798-1857), he argues that it is important in the sense of acquiring knowledge, but must be sharpened with tools and reinforced with experiments. Senses mistake will be corrected by experiment.
So basically positivism is not a typical stand-alone stream. He was just perfect Empiricism and Rationalism are working together. In other words, he perfected the scientific method by incorporating the need for experiments and measurements. So, it's basically the same positivism with empiricism plus Rationalism.
7) Flow Fenomenologisme characters with character
The term comes from the Greek phenomenology phainomenon containing three interrelated terms, namely "that directly visible, something that immediately appeared but still veiled and the appearance". Building on the three terms above, then phenomenology is developed according to the term "philosophy which states that truth is the result of human intuitive description of an object in accordance with the appearances (phenomena) the object".
So the flow is different from the rationalism (subjectively), empiricism (objective) and idealism (idealistic). Then combine phenomenology among subjects (human), object (observed) intuitively by observation.
Thinking Phenomenology and figures
Edmund Husserl (1859-1938)
He was a German philosopher and founder of phenomenology. Thought most important are: (1) The theory of truth, according to Husserl truth must be incorporated in the subject with the object. Objects are given the opportunity to introduce himself to the subject who observed, in accordance with the motto zurukh zu den schen selbs (back to the objects themselves). (2) Three types of reduction; intuition in order to catch the symptoms above are true, then the man must escape from the experiences gained and the previous picture in everyday life. The trick is that with the reduction of three types, namely: the phenomenological reduction, eiditis reduction, reduction of transcendental phenomenology.
Max Scheler (1874-1928)
Max Scheler is progressors phenomenological tradition. Scheler exclusive than Thought phenomenologist (philosopher of phenomenology) is about other religions. According to him, religion and philosophy are two autonomous entities in accordance with the position. Despite having exclusive autonomy, but in between have an attachment. For example, by understanding the metaphysical philosophy are not necessarily able to understand the concept of religious metaphysics, because both have different natural aktus. Because the truth of religion can only be accepted on the basis of religious belief, not a metaphysical-philosophical truth.
In the effort to find religious beliefs, Scheler phenomenological approach. Through this phenomenological approach, according to Scheler, can display religious aktus basic characteristics, namely that it has the intention aktus the transcendental world (the divine), and the divine is the basis of religious aktus. In other words, it requires religious aktus intentional fulfillment of the transcendental. Religious Aktus requires an infinite object, ie the divine. Therefore, the need to unwind can be met only by a religious thing as a subject believed to come from God.
8) Flow Existentialism with characters characters
The term comes from the word existentialism existence of basic words exist. The word itself exist adalaha Latin meaning: ex; exit and Sistare; stand. So existence is standing out from yourself. In general, existentialism is intended as a school of philosophy that addresses the existence of all things, including humans. The problem is, who is actually being (existence), what is man, or God or both.
Existentialism figures and Thinking
Martin Heidegger (1889-1976)
Heidegger's thought is about no / reality and time (sein und zeit), ie if there is concrete or not. The main issue in the spotlight is the meaning of "I am". According to him, man is a being thrown in this world without his consent. He seemed on the brink of nothingness (Nothingness) caused a very deep agitated. This according to him, is a human weakness and as encouragement for him to comprehend its existence. As the peak of existence, unlike humans surrounding objects. However, humans have a tendency to be an object.
Soren Kierkegard (1813-1855)
Kierkegard seen as figures theist existentialism, which is trying to elevate human existence without having to throw away God from human life. Expression is: "I am become as I am". Through this expression Kierkegard place as the only man who berkeistensi are dealing with the existence of God. Only man to exist does not mean that others do not exist. It's just that the level of existence of the world, animals and other lower creatures, because they are just there, not making it.
9) Flow Pragmatism characters with character
Pragmatism is derived from the pragma (Greek) which means action, deed, and also benefits. Pragmatism is a school of philosophy that holds that the criterion of truth is something, if anything it has usefulness for real life. Therefore, its truth to be relative not absolute.
Pragmatism and Thinking figures
William James (1842-1910)
As the founder of pragmatism, is the most important ideas about the meaning of pragmatism. Pragmatism is an American philosophy, characterized by pragmatic. Americans are dissatisfied with the theoretical philosophy that asks "what is", but entered the practical philosophy that asks "what's the point". Systematization of the second type is what gave birth to the philosophy of pragmatism. Therefore, the flow associated with rationalism and empiricism, pragmatism is between the two streams.
View of philosophy, such as stating that there is no absolute truth, generally applicable, which are fixed, are independent and separated from the familiar sense. Because our experience goes on and everything that we hold to be true in the development of the ever-changing experience, because in practice, what we think is right can be corrected by subsequent experience.
Is the measure of all things practical benefits. This view includes all aspects of life, including religion and morals. In terms of religion, James does not ask "religious truth" which he said is "whether the result of religion to guide my life". So, people are free to choose between believing and not believing, according to fragmatisnya consideration. So also in the moral sphere, the size is determined by either bad is there any benefit of an action: if there is considered to be good, and if it is not considered bad.
John Dewey (1859-1952)
As a follower of the philosophy of pragmatism, John Dewey stated that the task of philosophy is to provide guidance for the real action. Philosophy should not dissolve in metaphysical ideas that are less practical, no boondoggle. Therefore, philosophy should be based on practical experience and process.
He said there was nothing remains. Humans constantly moving and changing. If you're having trouble, immediately thinking to overcome the difficulties. Therefore do not think other than a tool for action. Truth of sense in terms of success or failure can affect reality. The only way that can be trusted to manage the experience and to know the real meaning is the inductive method.
Conclusion
This era is already terintis ranging from the 14th century AD However, the real indicator is evident in the 17th century and lasted until the 20th century AD It is characterized by marked by discoveries in the scientific field. (Surajiyo: 2007:87). According to Slamet Iman Sontoso, there are three main sources that lead to the development of science in Europe by leaps and bounds, the relationship between the Islamic empire in Liberia Peninsula by the French state, the Crusades of the years 1100-1300, and fall into the hands of Turkey Istanbul in 1453. (Tim Lecturer Philosophy of Science: 2001:79)
Stream flow contained in modern times is the flow of Rationalism with the character Rene Descartes (1596-1650), Spinoza (1632-1677), Leibniz (1646-1716). Empiricism flow with the character of Francis Bacon, Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679), John Locke (1632-1704), David Hume (1711-1776). And flow with the character Kriticisme Immanuel Kant (1724-1804). In addition to the three schools, will also be presented other major streams that contributed to modern philosophy charge sheet, namely the flow of idealism with the character J. G. Fichte (1762-1914), F. W. J. Schelling (1775-1854), Hegel (1770-1831). Materialism with the character Ludwig Feuerbach (1804-1872) and Karl Marx (1818-1883). Flow with the character positivism of Auguste Comte (1798-1857. Flow with the character Edmund Husserl's phenomenology (1859-1938), Max Scheler (1874-1928). Characters Flow existentialism with Martin Heidegger (1889-1976) and Soren Kierkegard (1813-1855) . flow pragmatism with the character William James (1842-1910) and John Dewey (1859-1952.
refrensi: http://afidburhanuddin.wordpress.com/2013/05/21/sejarah-perkembangan-ilmu-pada-masa-modern-2/
Berhubung IT di Indonesia sudah menjamur dan sangatlah erat
dengan manusia , dikarenakan perkembangan zaman sekarang yaitu era globalisasi
, banyak sekali manusia memanfaatkan tehnologi. Seperti contoh manusia ingin
berhubungan jarak jauh sekarang menggunakan handphone, bias juga menggunakan
INTERNET sebagai medianya , kalau jaman dahulu sih yg ngetrend itu telepati
wkwkw kalo sekarang jarang yg bias hakhakhakhakhak.. contoh lainya adalah
printer dengan computer ,kalo ingin membuat proposal,surat
(tugas,pribadi,pemberitahuan,cinta juga boleh) gak usah repot-repot menulis
tangan , karena bias di ketik/edit dulu
di computer trus di cetak di mesin printer .
Namun dalam hal tersebut, kita juga harus diimbangi dengan
kesadaran untuk menggunakan TI untuk kepentingan positif. Karena banyak orang
yang tak bertanggung jawab menyalah gunakan IT untuk kegiatan yang merugikan
orang lain atau kejahatan .
Kalo di Indonesia sih sekarang perkembangan IT sudah pesat,
tap tidak dalam berbagia bidang ,dan kurang maksimal penggunaanya …. Uh kasiaan ,…wkwkk
Pada tahun 2010, perkembangan jejaring sosial facebook
terutama mengalami perkembangan yang sangat pesat setelah facebook mengeluarkan
berbagai aplikasi seperti game social,dll sory gan ane lupa ..
Perkembangan ini semakin tinggi setelah didukung dengan para
pengguna micropayment, micropayment ini banyak digunakan untuk membeli beberapa
item yang dibutuhkan pada social game pada facebook ini. Para pembeli item yang
menggunakan micropayment ini diberikan keuntungan dengan keistimewaan item yang
dibeli tersebut.
Selain jejaring sosial perkembangan IT di Indonesia saat ini
. sudah ditemukanya televisi internet
yang memudahkan kita untuk nonton TV dimana aja eeiitttzzzz asal tersedia
jaringan internet loh yak ,..
Di lanjut gan … Pada
saat ini, kita sudah bisa menggunakan applikasi online yang sangat membantu
dalam penyimpanan data secara online lohh … jadi kita gak usah repot-repot kemana-mana
membawa hardisk,flashdisk atau semacamnya ,kita tinggal upload file tsb trus
pda wktu kita butuh tinggal download aja.. mudah kan ..
Sekali lagi gan cumin
mau mengingatkan Perkembangan IT yang
cukup pesat tersebut harus diimbangi dengan kesadaran untuk menggunakan IT
untuk kebaikan, bukan digunakan untuk kejahatan atau penyalahgunaan. Sehingga sesuai
dengan fungsi IT yaitu sebagai alat komunikasi serta alat bantu manusia dalam
melakukan pekerjaan dan memperoleh informasi serta berkomunikasi.ooyyoorr gak
..!!
Sekian dah postingan ane ,smoga bermanfaat dan . Semoga
perkembangan IT di Indonesia bisa semakin berkembang dengan usaha dan do’a dari
pemuda dan pemudi seluruh Indonesia. Amiin JJJJ
Rabu, 24 Juli 2013
Kota Kediri
kota KEDIRI adalah
salah satu kota di provinsi jawa timur yang pastinya INDONESIA. kalau
menurut wiki sih luasnya wilayah sekitar 63,40 Km² , tp kalau
menurutku sih kurang tau juga ,karena gak pernah keliling kota kediri sambil
ngukur .hik hik hik oh ya kota ini terbelah sungai brantas yg membujur dari
selatan ke utara spanjang 7 km.
Kota KEDIR merupkan satu-satunya kota di jawa timur yang
mempunyai 2 gunung yaitu : Mt klotok dan Mt kelud. hmmm KEDIRI juga dinobatkan
sebagai peringkat pertama INDONESIA most recommended city for investmen di
tahun 2010.^_^
Sejarah kota Kediri
.
pertama-tama awal mula
Kediri itu adalah pemukiman kota pada waktu facebook,tweeter belum tercipta
yaitu pada masa kerajaan Airlangga, pada waktu itu kerajaan airlangga
memindahkan pusat pemerintahan kerajaanya dari kahuripan ke dahanaputra (kota
api) kalau detail slanjutnya sih ane kurang tau yak cz ane belum lahir di masa
itu ,^_^
kalau tidak salah kediri mulai berkembang menjadi swapraja
ketika peresmianya Gemeente Kediri pada tanggal 1 april 1906
berdasarkan staasblad (lembaran negara) no 148 tertanggal 1 maret 1906.
Kediri pun mencatat sejarah yang kelam juga ketika
era Pemberontakan G30S PKI karena banyak penduduk Kediri yang ikut
menjadi korbannya. :(
Perekonomian
Kota kediri ku juga gak kalah loh sma kota-kota besar kayak
kota surabaya,kota malang karena kota kediri berkembang dengan meningkatnya
kualitas di berbagai aspek . dari pendidikan ,pariwisata.perdagangan, birokrasi
pemerintah, hingga olahraga.
di bidang pariwisata kota ini mempunya beragam tempat wisata
seprti Water Park Tirtoyoso,Gumul Paradise Island,simpang lima gumul,dermaga
jayabaya,taman sekartaji ,goa selomangleng,wisata alam gunung kelud .kalo
hiburan sih ada banyak sperti di jalan doho , taman sekartaji yang lebih mirip
sperti di malioboro jogja.
ada juga hiburan buat yang suka berbelanja di pasar modern
seperti
- Kediri Town Square (Jl. Hasanuddin)
- Kediri Mall (Jl. Hayam Wuruk)
- Ramayana (Jl. Panglima Sudirman)
- Golden Swalayan & Golden Theatre (Jl. Hayam Wuruk)
- Dhoho Plaza (Jl. Panglima Sudirman)
- Dhoho Square (Jl. Brigjend Katamso)
- Hayam Wuruk Trade Center (Jl. Hayam Wuruk)
- UFO Mall Elektronik (Jl. Joyoboyo)
- AJBS Swalayan (Jl. Kilisuci)
- Jayabaya Trade Center (Jl. Jayabaya)
- Mojoroto Indah Trade Center (Jl. Kawi)
- Borobudur Swalayan dan Toserba (Jl. Dhoho)
- Kris Galeri Trade Center (Jl. Brawijaya)
- Plaza Kediri Swalayan (Jl. Yos Sudarso)
- Komplek Ruko Stadion Brawijaya
- Komplek Ruko GOR Jayabaya
- Komplek Ruko Jalan Selomangleng
- dll.
Supermarket & Department Store
- Hypermart
- Matahari Department Store
- Giant Supermarket
- Ramayana Department Store
- Robinson Supermarket
- Sri Ratu Department Store
- Sri Ratu Supermarket
- UFO Department Store
- UFO Supermarket
- Borobudur Department Store
- Borobudur Supermarket
- Golden Supermarket
- Apollo Department Store
- dll.
Fast Food
- Pizza Hut
- Hoka-Hoka Bento
- Solaria
- Mokko Factory Donut - Coffee & Yoghurt
- McDonald's
- KFC
- CFC
- Holland Bakery
- Amanda Brownies
- Baskin Robbins
- Milk Story
- Doner Kebab
- Ichiban Crepes
- Es Teler 77
- Dundee
- Orange Mart
- Semerbak Coffee Corner
- Loving Hut Indonesia
- Tong Tji Tea House
- dll.
Restoran Keluarga
- Prasmanan Prima ( Stadion Brawijaya )
- Leko Spesialis Iga Sapi Penyet
- Bumbu Desa
- Ayam Bakar Wong Solo (cabang dari kota Solo)
- Bebek Goreng H. Slamet (cabang dari kota Solo) (2 Cabang)
- Munaf Steak and Shake
- Huma Ribs Steak and Shake
- Holiday Restaurant
- Waroeng Spesial Sambal (SS)
- Special Belut Surabaya
- Dinasty Steak and Shake
- Gulai Kepala Ikan mas Agus (cabang dari kota Solo)
- Kampung Nelayan
- Kebon Kota Tropical Resto
- Delicious Resto
- Dapur Sambal
- Warung Sambal
- Warung Sambal Bawang
- Joglo Dau
- Ayam Penyet Suroboyo
- Sate Ayam Pak Siboen
- Pempek Bu Rina asli Palembang
- Sop Ayam Pak Min Klaten
- Serabi Notosuman (serabi khas kota Solo)
- Ayam Bakar dan Kremes Bu Lanny
- Lombok Idjo (cabang kota Semarang)
- dll.
Toko Buku
- Gramedia
- Togamas
- dll.
- Shoes, Bag, Clothes
- Payless ShoeSource
- Studio Nine
- Miami Beach
- Sox Gallery
- Rumah Warna
- Buccheri
- Sophie Martin
- Elizabeth
- Yongki Komaladi
- Yogaya Misuwur Batik
- Batik Danarhadi Solo
- Posh Boy Distro
- PING Distro
- IFA Store
- Inception 99 Distro
- Bandung Sport Distro
- Kirana Kediri
- dll.
Karaoke & Night Life
- Inul Vizta Karaoke Keluarga
- NAV Karaoke Keluarga
- X3 Cafe and Lounge
- Sky Disc Cafe and Lounge
- Metro Palace Pub, Karaoke, Lounge & Resto
- My Kingdom
- X-Movie Karaoke, Cafe, & Lounge
- Flamboyan Karaoke
- dll.
Beauty Treatment
- Natasha Skin Care
- London Beauty Center (LBC)
- Larissa Aesthetic Center
- Brown Salon by Rudy Hadisuwarno
- Esther House of Beauty
- Royal Family Spa
- My Salon
- Venus Salon
- dll.
Cafe
- De Bronto's Coffee
- Kuno W Kini Cafe
- Minnie Cafe
- Side Walk Coffee
- Divino Ice Cream Cafe
- Bale Java Cafe
- JW Cafe
- dll.
- Accessories
- Strawberry Accessories
- Naughty Accessories
- Loly Poly Accessories
- Bunga Accessories
- Cherry Accessories
- dll.
- Lain-lain
- Sports Station
- Kidz Station
- Time Zone
- Game Fantasia
- Optik Melawai
- Optik Tunggal
- Depo Bangunan
- Boston Health & Beauty
- Guardian
- OKE Shop
- ISO Camera
- Krisbow Hardware
- Kedai Digital
- Istana Boneka
- dll.
Kuliner
masakan
- Kota Kediri memeiliki beberapa masakan khas, yaitu:
- Soto Kediri
- Stik Tahu
- Tahu Takwa
- Sate Bekicot
- Krengsengan Bekicot
- Nasi Goreng Arang
- Nasi Pecel Tumpang
- Ayam Bakar Doho
- Sate Emprit
- Jajan Pasar
- Kota Kediri memeiliki beberapa jajanan pasar khas, yaitu:
- Carang Mas Mawar
- Tahu Pong
- Klepon
- cenil
- Lopis
Minuman
- Kota Kediri memeiliki beberapa minuman khas, yaitu:
- Es Buto Ijo
- Kopi Berontoseno
- Oleh-Oleh
- Kota Kediri memeiliki beberapa oleh-oleh khas, yaitu:
- Gethuk Pisang
- Emping Tahu
- Tahu Kuning
- Kripik Bekicot
- sate bekicot
huueeehhh .... !!! sekian dari ane gan smoga bermanfaat dan
berguna bagi kita semua ....
ohh yaa gan jangan lupa mampir yak di kota ane , ane jamin
dah bakalan krasan n puasss poolllll .... wenaag pokok e .. hahahaha
suwun NDAA!!
referensi:
Senin, 20 Mei 2013
Nightwish - Imaginaerum
(Album 2011)
Nightwish adalah band Symphonic Metal yang berasal dari Kitee, Finlandia, di bentuk pada tahun 1996 oleh pemain Keyboard dan penulis lagu Tuomas Holopainen, gitaris Emppu Vuorinen, dan mantan vokalis Tarja Turunen. Formasi Nightwish adalah lima orang, kemudian posisi Tarja di gantikan oleh Annette Olzon dan posisi Bassist awal , Sami Vänskä, digantikan oleh Marco Hietala, yang juga mengambil alih bagian vokal pria, awalnya bagian vokal pria di perankan oleh Tuomas atau vokalis tamu
Nightwish sudah menjadi band berpengaruh di negara asal mereka sejak rilis single pertama mereka “The Carpenter” dan debut album “Angel Fall First“, namun mereka belum bisa mencapai kemasyuran secara mendunia sampai di rilisnya album Oceanborn (1998), Wishmaster (2000) dan Century Child (2002). Album berikutnya pada tahun 2004, Once, yang terjual satu juta kopi lebih, membuat video Nightwish di putar di MTV di Amerika Serikat. Single terbesar mereka di Amerika serikat “Wish I Had An Angel” (2004), di buat menjadi tiga film di Amerika sebagai Soundtrack untuk mempromosikan tur Amerika utara mereka. Nightwish memproduksi tiga single lagi dan dua video musik untuk album ini, seperti “Sleeping Sun” dari kompilasi 2005, Best Of, Highes Hope, terakhir bagi Tarja Turunen sebagai vokalis.
Pada bulan Mei 2007, mantan vokalis Alyson Avenue, Anette Olzon, di ungkapkan sebagai pengganti Tarja Turunen, dan pada musim gugur mereka merilis album baru, “Dark Passion Play” yang terjual hampir dua juta kopi, dengan hit single “Amaranth“, yang telah di rilis sebulan sebelumnya. Tur untuk mendukung album ini berawal pada tanggal 6 Oktober 2007 dan berakhir pada tanggal 19 September 2009. EP/Live Album “Made In Hongkong (And In Other various Places) di rilis pada bulan Maret 2009 sebagai sebuah MCD/DVD, dan Album full Length ke tujuh mereka yang berjudul Imaginarium, sedang di kerjakan, yang di persiapkan untuk rilis pada awal tahun 2012 nanti.
Nightwish adalah band asal Finlandia yang telah sukses menjual lebih dari tujuh juta rekaman di seluruh dunia, dan telah mengumpulkan lebih dari enam puluh award Gold dan Platinum.
Imaginaerum adalah album studio ketujuh oleh Finlandia symphonic metal band yang Nightwish , yang dirilis pada 30 November 2011. Album ini adalah album konsep menceritakan kisah tua komposer di ranjang kematiannya, mengenang masa mudanya. Album ini diproduksi bersama filmdengan nama yang sama , disutradarai oleh Stobe Harju, yang sebelumnya diarahkan Nightwish itu " The Islander " video musik , dan album dan berbagi film tema yang sama dan cerita umum. Yang pertama tunggal dari album, " Storytime "dirilis pada tanggal 9 November, dan cepat menduduki puncak grafik tunggal Finlandia. Imaginaerum bersertifikat 2x Platinum di Finlandia pada hari peluncurannya, dengan lebih dari 50.000 eksemplar terjual.
Imaginaerum, yang diproduksi oleh Markus Selin dari Surya Film Inc bersama dengan Nightwish , adalah film debut Stobe Harju.
Ia menerima hibah dari Yayasan Film Finlandia, sebuah lembaga pemerintah Finlandia. Film ini menerima $ 575.000 untuk $ 3.700.000 anggaran. Film ini awalnya berjudul Imaginarium, tetapi judul itu kemudian berubah menjadi Imaginaerum untuk menghindari campur-baur. Film ini akan dirilis pada tahun 2012.
Track List :
1. Taikatalvi (2:35)
2. Storytime (5:22)
3. Ghost River (5:28)
4. Slow, Love, Slow (5:51)
5. I Want My Tears Back (5:08)
6. Scaretale (7:32)
7. Arabesque (2:57)
8. Turn Loose the Mermaids (4:20)
9. Rest Calm (7:03)
10. The Crow, the Owl and the Dove (4:10)
11. Last Ride of the Day (4:33)
12. Song of Myself (13:37)
13. Imaginaerum (6:18)
Released :
30 November 2011
Genre :
Symphonic Metal, Jazz Fusion, Film music, Folk metal, Symphonic Power Metal
Label :Nuclear Blast, Roadrunner Records
DOWNLOAD album Imaginaerum di >>> SINI
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I Like This album (wajib di download buat rekan2 WES penggemar music metal)
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